The controversy surrounding outsourcing, especially in the form of so-called total fleet management, has been blurred by a vote of the members of the National Association of Fleet Administrators (NAFA) to approve for full membership vendor personnel who perform the same duties as in-house fleet managers. In some cases, those supporting this dramatic change in NAFA membership rules have cited the case of the City of Wilmington, DE, as an example of a vendor, in this case Ryder MLS, providing personnel who perform essentially the same function as their in-house counterparts. AutomotiveFleet contacted the city to see how its program works, and how it views its relationship with Ryder.

A Typical Municipal Fleet

The City of Wilmington is, in most ways, a typical municipal fleet. Its 430 vehicles include 200 cars, light trucks and vans, 50 medium duty trucks, and 150 heavy-duty trucks, along with 30 pieces of miscellaneous equipment. Ed Stone Jr., administrative engineer for the city, says roughly 80 percent of the fleet is garaged at the Wilmington Public Works Yard, where maintenance and repairs were performed by city fleet staff. Physical damage repairs were, and still are, subbed out to body shops in the city.

Asked how the outsource plan came about, Stone said the original plan arose from a study and review by David M. Griffith and Associates, a fleet management consulting firm, that was done in early 1993. Stone says that one of the primary recommendations made was to privatize the Public Works Yard maintenance and repair facility. The city went out for bids, and in October 1994, the contract was awarded to Ryder MLS, Stone said.

Not a Revolutionary Concept

The contract awarded to Ryder was within the scope of its regular business. AF asked Stone if, as is sometimes thought, they were asked to run half the fleet, with the other half kept in-house. "No, they aren't running half the fleet," Stone says. "Ryder was awarded the contract to run the Public Works Motor Vehicle maintenance facility." Essentially, Ryder MLS took over full responsibility for the facility, the equipment, inventory of parts, and staffing. Doug Thompson, Ryder's general manager of the Wilmington site, explains how this was accomplished. "All existing garage staff were given the opportunity to remain at the facility as Ryder employees, but they all chose to remain city employees in other, non-fleet capacities," said Thompson. Ryder then staffed up to the current level of 12 employees, which includes administrative as well as technical positions. "We bought the existing parts inventory. The shop equipment and building was then leased from the city," said Thompson.

The overall responsibility for fleet management, however, remains with the city as a member of the fleet management staff. "The city remains full responsibility for fleet management, replacement cycling, leasing, policy, and ultimately, judging the performance of all our vendors, including Ryder."

Performance Criteria

Ryder's performance in running the facility is judged by some very specific criteria. "The most important aspect of running a municipal fleet is uptime, and this is how Ryder is judged," Stone said. The fleet is divided into three categories: light-duty, police duty, and heavy-duty vehicles. Uptime, or the availability of vehicles for use, is tracked using a point system. The system includes tracking turn-around time; that is, the time that it takes to bring a vehicle into the shop, perform necessary work, and bring it back into service.

"We are penalized for reworks, if a vehicle must be brought back into the shop after having been serviced," Thompson said. These performance measures are common in municipal fleet management, where maintenance is done in-house.

How does the experience of the City of Wilmington fit into the debate as to who is the "real" fleet manager? The argument goes that when an outside vendor is providing some or all of the functions that an in-house fleet manager performs, the vendor representative should be eligible for full membership in NAFA; the difference lies only in where the employee's paycheck comes from. Thus, Thompson Ryder of MLS, by performing many of the same duties as did his predecessor from the city of Wilmington, would be considered a fleet manager, and would be eligible for NAFA membership.

Does Wilmington consider Thompson to be the city's fleet manager? "No, not entirely," Stone responded. "Doug is part of the city fleet management team, which includes city employees as well as contractors such as Ryder MLS and Marc Knight, an independent consultant." He further explained that the fleet team is successful because each participant knows his function, and communications are regular and open. Thompson agrees, saying, "We don't always agree. But we've got the same goal, to operate the city fleet in the most cost-effective manner possible."

The contract for outsourcing the operation of the city garage was a regular part of Ryder's business, not some revolutionary new relationship; Ryder is a contractor to the city, providing a service for a price. The debate will continue, but the City of Wilmington is a clear example of a vendor/customer relationship that has been common in the industry for a long time.