Fleet vehicles last longer. They are safer. They are more technologically advanced. Quality has never been higher. But, as a result, they are much more complex. Automotive technology helps reduce fleet costs, but, in other instances, it introduces entirely new fleet costs, which were hitherto unknown.
All of this is part of a long-term trend to migrate new technology from high-end vehicles to less-expensive models in a manufacturer’s lineup. New automotive technology is often first introduced in high-end models and, in later model-years, it proliferates downstream throughout the brand’s model lineup.
The proliferation of vehicle complexity is contributing to higher repair costs. Eric Strom, maintenance product manager for GE Commercial Finance Fleet Services, cites several examples. In some models, the radio is integrated into a navigation/GPS module, which means the entire module may have to be replaced to repair the radio/CD player. Another example is keyless entry, which embeds a microchip in the key to start a vehicle. If the key is lost, some manufacturers require changing the entire module that controls the starting circuit in the vehicle, which may cost $1,000 in some models.
Increased penetration of hybrid vehicles into commercial fleets in the future may further exacerbate this issue. As hybrid technology proliferates, you will see more repair shops less likely to take on some vehicle repairs because of the type of equipment required to work on them and the associated safety concerns.
As vehicles become more complex, some work is beyond the expertise of the average national account repair shop. The increased use of electronics and modular units is driving some repairs away from national account vendors to franchised dealers. In fact, some national account vendors have a list of repairs that are not allowed at a store level because of the complexity. As a result, more vehicles will go to dealerships to service electronics, GPS systems, hybrid powertrains, and so on. Vehicle complexity has increased labor hours, labor rates for more specialized repair technicians, diagnostic times, and parts prices.
Complexity Increases Accident Repair Expense
The technology content of vehicles that must be replaced following an accident has pushed the average cost of a fleet accident to an all-time high. Three years ago, the average car was equipped with only two airbags. Today, five or even six airbags in a vehicle is not unusual. This increases repair costs because these airbags need to be replaced following their deployment in an accident.
In a frontal collision, fleets, at a minimum, need to replace the driver and passenger-side airbags, along with knee airbags, which deploy at the same time. In addition, many fleets err on the side of caution and replace all airbags in the vehicle, even if they did not deploy. “One reason for higher accident repair costs is that most shops are uncomfortable replacing airbags and electronic sensors,” said Vincent Brigidi, director, strategic account services of The CEI Group. “They typically sublet these repairs to a franchised dealer, who works at a higher dollar-per-hour rate. Three years ago, a car with $10,000 in damage would today, if involved in the same accident, most likely have $12,000 to $14,000 damage because of the additional deployed airbags,” said Brigidi. “A car with five or six airbags is more likely to be declared a total loss than a comparable vehicle three years ago, because the repair costs are higher even though the accident damage may be the same.”
70% of Fleet Maintenance Expense is PM
Higher vehicle quality is encouraging fleets to keep units in service longer. Using an analogy, approximately 70 percent of an average person’s lifetime medical expenses occur in the last five years of life. This analogy applies to automobiles. “Almost 35 percent of a vehicle’s lifetime operating costs occurs in the 68,000-80,000-mile range,” said Strom.
Preventive maintenance expenses and replacement of wear items account for 70 percent of a fleet’s total maintenance expenses. New automotive features create new PM costs. For instance, replacement cabin filters that cost approximately $50 apiece are required in many new vehicles. This expense didn’t exist 10 years ago. Other models now use more expensive (but longer-lasting) ceramic brake pads and ceramic composite rotors.
New technology may inflate PM costs. There are early signs of increased costs to maintain the tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) installed on many fleet vehicles. “The increased cost relates to resetting the TPMS system when rotating tires,” said Mark Lange, maintenance customer service specialist for GE Commercial Finance Fleet Services. “The OEM systems are all unique, making it difficult for repair shops to maintain. For one system, the mechanic has to literally run back-and-forth between the individual tires and the inside of the vehicle to reset the system,” added Lange. “We have seen automobile tire rotation priced as high as $100.”
In future model-years, vehicles will become even more complex, incorporating brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire technologies, adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning systems, telematic devices, and more hybrid powertrains. As vehicles grow in complexity, so too will fleet management.
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